Wood Carving
Wood carving is a form of working wood by means of a cutting tool held in the hand (this may be a power tool), resulting in a wooden figure or figurine (this may be abstract in nature) or in the sculptural ornamentation of a wooden object. more...
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The phrase may also refer to the finished product, from individual sculptures, to hand-worked mouldings composing part of a tracery.
History
Some of the finest extant examples of early wood carving are from the Middle Ages in Italy and France, where the typical themes of that era were Christian iconography. In England many complete examples remain from the 16th and 17th century, where oak was the preferred medium.
From the remotest ages the decoration of wood has been a foremost art. The tendency of human nature has always been to ornament every article in use. Just as a child of today instinctively cuts patterns on the bark of his switch freshly taken from the hedgerow, humanity has from the earliest times cut designs on every wooden article fit for carving. The North American native carves his wooden fish-hook or his pipe stem just as the Polynesian works patterns on his paddle. The native of Guyana decorates his cassava grater with a well-conceived scheme of incised scrolls, while a Loango Bay native might re-envision his spoon with figures standing up in full relief carrying a hammock.
Figural carving seems to have been widespread. The carving to represent one's god in a tangible form finds expression in numberless ways. The early carver, and, for that matter, the native of the present day, has found a difficulty in giving expression to the eye, and at times has evaded it by inlaying this feature with colored material.
Methods and styles of wood carving
Chip carving;
Relief carving;
Scandinavian flat-plane;
Caricature carving;
Love spoon;
Treen;
Whittling;
Techniques of carving
Tools
Basic tool set
the carving knife: a specialized knife used to pare, cut, and smooth wood.;
the gouge: a tool with a curved cutting edge used in a variety of forms and sizes for carving hollows, rounds and sweeping curves.;
the chisel, large and small, whose straight cutting edge is used for lines and cleaning up flat surfaces.;
the V-tool used for parting, and in certain classes of flat work for emphasizing lines.;
the veiner: a specialized deep gouge with a U shaped cutting edge.;
A special screw for fixing work to the workbench, and a mallet, complete the carvers kit, though other tools, both specialized and adapted, are often used, such as a router for bringing grounds to a uniform level, bent gouges and bent chisels for cutting hollows too deep for the ordinary tool.
Read more at Wikipedia.org
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