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Mulberry
Mulberry (Morus) is a genus of 10–16 species of deciduous trees native to warm, temperate, and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, and the Americas, with the majority of the species native to Asia. more...
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The closely related genus Broussonetia is also commonly known as mulberry, notably the Paper Mulberry Broussonetia papyrifera.
Mulberries are fast-growing when young, but soon become slow-growing and rarely exceed 10-15 m tall. The leaves are alternately arranged, simple, often lobed, more often lobed on juvenile shoots than on mature trees, and serrated on the margin. The fruit is a multiple fruit, 2-3 cm long. Mulberries begin as white to pale yellow with pink edges. They are red when ripening. A fully ripened mulberry is dark purple to black, edible, and sweet with a good flavor in several species.
Species
The taxonomy of Morus is complex and disputed. Over 150 species names have been published, but only 10-16 are generally cited as being accepted, though different sources cite different selections of accepted names. The classification is also complicated by widespread hybridisation, with the hybrids being fertile.
The following species are generally accepted:
Morus alba (White Mulberry; eastern Asia);
Morus australis (Chinese Mulberry; southeastern Asia);
Morus celtidifolia (Mexico);
Morus insignis (South America);
Morus mesozygia (African Mulberry; southern and central Africa);
Morus microphylla (Texas Mulberry; south central North America: Texas, Mexico);
Morus nigra (Black Mulberry; southwest Asia);
Morus rubra (Red Mulberry; eastern North America);
The following, all from eastern and southern Asia, are additionally accepted by one or more taxonomic lists or studies; synonymy as given by other lists or studies is indicated in brackets:
Morus atropurpurea;
Morus bombycis (M. australis);
Morus cathayana;
Morus indica (M. alba);
Morus japonica (M. alba);
Morus kagayamae (M. australis);
Morus laevigata (M. alba var. laevigata, M. macroura);
Morus latifolia (M. alba);
Morus liboensis;
Morus macroura (M. alba var. laevigata);
Morus mongolica (M. alba var. mongolica);
Morus multicaulis (M. alba);
Morus notabilis;
Morus rotundiloba;
Morus serrata (Himalayan Mulberry; M. alba var. serrata);
Morus tillaefolia;
Morus trilobata (M. australis var. trilobata);
Morus wittiorum;
Uses and cultivation
The ripe fruit is edible and is widely used in pies, tarts, wines and cordials. The fruit of the Black Mulberry, native to southwest Asia, and the Red Mulberry, native to eastern North America, have the strongest flavour. The fruit of the White Mulberry, an east Asian species which is extensively naturalised in urban regions of eastern North America, has a different flavour, sometimes characterised as insipid. The mature fruit contains significant amounts of resveratrol. Unripe fruit and green parts of the plant have a white sap that is intoxicating and mildly hallucinogenic.
Read more at Wikipedia.org
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