Cotton Thread

A cotton mill is a factory housing spinning and weaving machinery. Cotton was a leading sector in the Industrial Revolution, as cotton spinning was mechanised in mills. more...

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During this time, the success of cotton mills gave birth to Mill towns, which became significant settlements, following the foundation of mills in them. First constructed in England, cotton mills facilitated huge and rapid economic expansion for many parts of Britain, particularly Manchester, Oldham, Preston, Rochdale, Stockport and other towns and cities.

Great Britain

Cotton manufacture (like that of other textiles) started as a domestic industry. This changed with the advent of the Industrial Revolution, when the output of cotton textile increased dramatically. There were many inventions leading up to the Industrial Revolution. The flying shuttle was invented in 1733 by John Kay which made weaving faster and left the weaver wanting more yarn than the spinners were making. The solution to this was new technology to speed up spinning. The mechanisation of cotton spinning involved two parallel threads of inventions.

Water Frame

In 1738 Lewis Paul and John Wyatt, of Birmingham, patented a roller spinning machine and a flyer-and-bobbin system, for drawing cotton to a more even thickness, using two sets of rollers that travelled at different speeds. Mills using this patent were established at Northampton and Leominster, which spun cotton in 1742 and 1744, but were far less successful that the spinning jenny or water frame. The Northampton Mill worked until about 1764, but does not seem to have been a commercial success. The Leominster mill was built by Daniel Bourne, but it burnt down in 1754.

Both Paul and Bourne patented machinery in 1748 for carding cotton. Carding is a premilinary process that must be undertaken before spinning. Mr Morris (probably Henry Morris) set up a carding cylinder at Brock Mill near Wigan in 1763. Ralph Taylor of Royton apparently followed this with a 'cotton mill' (presumably another carding mill) at Thorpe Clough there in 1764,

The roller spinning principle of Paul and Bourne was the basis of Richard Arkwright's later water frame, patented in 1769. This invention was initially put into operation at Nottingham, where hosiery was being produced from imported Indian yarn. Arkwright moved to Cromford and set up a mill there in 1771. His partner Jedediah Strutt set up mills at Belper and elsewhere in the following years. Arkwright's second patent (of 1775) combined his previously patented machine with a carding machine, but when he attempted to enforce that patent, it was found not to be a new invention and hence invalid.

Read more at Wikipedia.org